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145 LESSON 22 01 2011 Pasura Sutta To Pasura FREE ONLINE eNālandā Research and Practice UNIVERSITY to VOTE for BSP ELEPHANT for Social Transformation and Economic Emancipation to attain Ultimate Bliss
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Awakeness Practices
All 84,000 Khandas As Found in the Pali Suttas
| Traditionally the are 84,000 Dharma Doors - 84,000 ways to get Awakeness. Maybe so; certainly the Buddha taught a large number of practices that lead to Awakeness. This web page attempts to catalogue those found in the Pali Suttas (DN, MN, SN, AN, Ud & Sn 1). There are 3 sections: |
The discourses of Buddha are divided into 84,000, as to separate addresses. The division includes all that was spoken by Buddha."I received from Buddha," said Ananda, "82,000 Khandas, and from the priests 2000; these are 84,000 Khandas maintained by me." They are divided into 275,250, as to the stanzas of the original text, and into 361,550, as to the stanzas of the commentary. All the discourses including both those of Buddha and those of the commentator, are divided into 2,547 banawaras, containing 737,000 stanzas, and 29,368,000 separate letters.
Course Programs:
LESSON 145
Snp 4.8
PTS: Sn 824-834
Pasura Sutta: To Pasura
translated from the Pali by
Thanissaro Bhikkhu
© 1997–2011
"Only here is there purity"
— that's what they say —
"No other doctrines are pure"
— so they say.
Insisting that what they depend on is good,
they are deeply entrenched in their personal truths.
Seeking controversy, they plunge into an assembly,
regarding one another as fools.
Relying on others' authority,
they speak in debate.
Desiring praise, they claim to be skilled.
Engaged in disputes in the midst of the assembly,
— anxious, desiring praise —
the one defeated is
chagrined.
Shaken with criticism, he seeks for an opening.
He whose doctrine is [judged as] demolished,
defeated, by those judging the issue:
He laments, he grieves — the inferior exponent.
"He beat me," he mourns.
These disputes have arisen among contemplatives.
In them are elation,
dejection.
Seeing this, one should abstain from disputes,
for they have no other goal
than the gaining of praise.
He who is praised there
for expounding his doctrine
in the midst of the assembly,
laughs on that account & grows haughty,
attaining his heart's desire.
That haughtiness will be his grounds for vexation,
for he'll speak in pride & conceit.
Seeing this, one should abstain from debates.
No purity is attained by them, say the skilled.
Like a strong man nourished on royal food,
you go about, roaring, searching out an opponent.
Wherever the battle is,
go there, strong man.
As before, there's none here.
Those who dispute, taking hold of a view,
saying, "This, and this only, is true,"
those you can talk to.
Here there is nothing —
no confrontation
at the birth of disputes.
Among those who live above confrontation
not pitting view against view,
whom would you gain as opponent, Pasura,
among those here
who are grasping no more?
So here you come,
conjecturing,
your mind conjuring
viewpoints.
You're paired off with a pure one
and so cannot proceed.
AN 3.78; AN 5.159; DN 16
See also: DN 16 (the Buddha's answer to Subhadda's question); MN 18; AN 3.67; AN 3.72; AN 5.159.
AN 5.159; DN 16 DN 16 (the Buddha's answer to Subhadda's question); MN 18; AN 3.67; AN 3.72; AN 5.159.
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The teachings of Buddha are eternal, but even then Buddha did not proclaim them to be infallible. The religion of Buddha has the capacity to change according to times, a quality which no other religion can claim to have…Now what is the basis of Buddhism? If you study carefully, you will see that Buddhism is based on reason. There is an element of flexibility inherent in it, which is not found in any other religion.
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http://buddhadhamma-yoav.blogspot.com/2010/11/metta-as-existential-psychology-on.html Handa dani bhikkhave amantayami vo vaya dhamma sankhara appamadena Sampadetha -Oh Bhikkhus! These are my last words now. All conditioned and compounded things have the nature of decay and disintegration. With steadfast mindfulness, endeavour diligently for your own liberation
"Hate is not overcome by hate; by Love (Metta) alone is hate appeased. This is an eternal law".
"Conquer the angry man by love; conquer the ill-natured man by goodness; conquer the miser with generosity; conquer the liar with truth"
"The Dhammapadda"
In the Dhammapadda we read: "Hate is not overcome by hate; by Love (Metta) alone is hate appeased. This is an eternal law. Furthermore, we can read also: "Conquer the angry man by love; conquer the ill-natured man by goodness; conquer the miser with generosity; conquer the liar with truth". It must be said that when we read first those statements of the Buddha, the first Interpretation that comes into mind, which is also the traditional one, is to associate them to other people on terms of interpersonal relationships, who behave themselves in this way. While this is certainly correct, this interpretation overseas some important dimensions of those teachings of the Buddha. When we look at those statements from the perspective of Abhidhamma and in the light of Metta, it becomes clear that those statements address in a non dual way not only our fellow human beings, but our own mind as well. Anyway, considering the behavior of other people it is quite easy to understand: it is a principle that is similar to the Process of adding Water if we want to cease a Fire and using Fire if we want to vaporize Water or cooling something that is too hot and then warm something that is to cold. In the same way that Fire is not to cease by Fire and something which is too hot cannot be cooled by heating it even more, so in the same way hatred cannot be ceased by adding more hatred. But what does it has to do with our own mind. To understand this question, we must first understand how the mind works and how the defilement of anger and the poison of ill-will are arising in terms of the Abhidhamma.
As I did in my previous post dealing with the Abhidhamma, I want first of all start with a general description of CITTA and CETASIKAS: CITTA (Consciousness) and CETASIKAS (Mental Factors) are actually two conditioned NAMAS, mental phenomena, which are appearing or arising with each and every moment in our daily life and experience. While both of them, consciousness as well as the mental factors are arising in pairs and share the same object or phenomena of cognition, CITTA (Consciousness) is the leader of those two and thus CETASIKAS is a mental factor that is accompanying CITTA. If to use a metaphor and the terminology used in modern computer science, we can say that CITTA (Consciousness) is working in serial, a bit after bit of cognizable objects and phenomena occurring through one of the six senses, which means that there is always only one object or phenomena that a CITTA (Consciousness) can cognize at any given time, while CETASIKAS (Mental Factors) are accompanying those bits of consciousness in serial, which means on the other hand that each single bit of consciousness is accompanied by more than one mental factor at any given time. There are at least seven universal mental factors that are accompanying each bit of Consciousness.
Furthermore, we can say that while the function of CITTA is to cognize an object or phenomena, mental factors, that is to say CETASIKAS, share the same object with the CITTA, but they each have their own specific quality and function. In other words: CETASIKAS are relating to the phenomena and have the aim or serve as a certain function to the CITTA and the cognizable objects and phenomena. We can also add and say that there are six types consciousnesses according to each of the six senses, while there are 52 mental factors that are accompanying each one of the six types of consciousnesses at each moment of experience, while of course not all the 52 mental factors arise at one time, but at least a combination or a set of the seven universal CETASIKAS accompanied very often by some additional mental factors from the 52 in all. The seven universal CETASIKAS are contact, feeling-sensations, perception, volition-intention, one pointedness-concentration, psychic life – life faculty and attention, so as we see in terms of the chain of dependent Origination it starts with contact, while further on each moment of Consciousness is accompanied by whether contact and feeling, contact and perception, contact and volition and so on. Anyway, in many of my previous posts I have dealt with all the links of the chain and their meanings in detail, so I am not going to deal in this post with those aspects, but rather more discuss it in terms of the practice itself and why it is important for the purification of defilements
So when we apply this description to all kinds of destructive emotions and in this case Anger, we can say that when there is an unpleasant object that CITTA (consciousness) cognizes, while there is Ignorance and lack of mindfulness and wise attention, in this case CITTA (consciousness) will arise together with an unwholesome CETASIKA of aversion that will be accompanied also by Anger and possibly by other unwholesome mental factors that is to say CETASIKAS. The process that I have described in my previous posts concerning the brains functioning including the amygdala, which acts as a repository for our repertoire of negative emotional habits and as a storehouse for negative emotional memories including our schemas, fits exactly in this very short period of time (mili– seconds). In the next bit of consciousness, CITTA will cognize the mental Cetasika and Anger itself, while in this moment it will arise once again together with the cetasika of aversion and Anger, while this time aversion will address not only the unpleasant object, maybe even not the object at all, but the previous mental state as its object. In other words: we become a kind of a reactor, a generator, which produces in an ongoing manner aversion and anger.
Anyway, although those bits of CITTA and CETASIKAS occurring in pairs as consciousness and aversion and anger will arise and to fall due to impermanence, the only way to break the cycle of ill-will and anger, so that it will not continue to occur repeatedly and in acyclic way, can be achieved only by mindfulness, wise attention and the cultivation of wisdom, compassion and loving kindness that will lead to the accumulation of more and more wholesome CITTAS and beautiful CETASIKAS. Going the other way, addressing aversion and anger with more anger and aversion (=being angry about the anger), as some other spiritual paths are preaching, will bring nothing more than the accumulation of more and more unwholesome CITTAS and CETASSIKAS: in other words it will only perpetuate unwholesomeness, anger and suffering
Here, we must also add what is already obvious: when there is anger or aversion there is no loving kindness possible, whether towards ourselves or towards others, even because it is impossible to have two opposite emotions at the one and the same tome or at the one and the same moment. It becomes actually a magic circle that cannot be broken unless we start to apply mindfulness, wise attention and cultivate wisdom, compassion and loving kindness, as mentioned above. Therefore, as the Dhammapadda teaches us: "Hate is not overcome by hate; by Love (Metta) alone is hate appeased. This is an eternal law or "Conquer the angry man by love; conquer the ill-natured man by goodness; conquer the miser with generosity; conquer the liar with truth". It is a psychological principle that must be applied to both: to ourselves and to other people as well in a non dual way.
Addressing Metta in this way more as a discipline of existential psychology, rather than a discipline of morality, although such a moral dimension is included in the existential psychology as well, I wrote the following explanation in my previous posts: "The Cultivation of Metta does not mean in this Sense to cultivate or on the contrary to suppress any kind of Feelings, Metta is a Philosophy and an Approach that we embrace when traveling through our Life. It is actually a Strategy that abandons our Dependence on Fear and Anger in order to take care and to protect us" or "The Cultivation of Metta is by no Mean about the Cultivation of certain or specific Emotions; it's not about liking or disliking People at all, but about the Purification of our own Intentions. In other Words: it's about Karma. It's about the understanding that whether we like it or not, whether we want it or not, we are all interconnected and all that we do affect ourselves and others in mutual and reciprocal Movement. Everything we do has inevitably Results". In other words: "The Cultivation of Metta and the other Brahma Viharas is not the Work of Cultivation of certain and specific Emotions, but about the psychological Work, especially of purifying our Intentions and Defilements. It's about our Karma".
In his Essay" The Buddha on Compassion: An Existential Approach", Professor Chen Yu-His from the Fo Guang University in Taiwan, sums up this Idea in the following way: "But the Buddha and historical Buddhist sages were not moralists. Rather, they took an existential approach, pointing out that love and compassion is a quality - and an inner power — intrinsic to our true nature, i.e., the "Buddha-nature." If we know how to connect with our Buddha-nature, we touch the abundant source of that divine quality. Here we are talking about depth psychology on a spiritual level, not religious ethics. The Buddhist perception of "unconditioned love and compassion" is neither a metaphysical abstraction nor altruist idealism". "The Buddha", continues Professor Chen Yu-His, "speaks of love and compassion as the unique power within us that overcomes fear and hatred, and that heals a wounded soul. As he observes, "Hatred can never be ceased by hatred; it is ceased by love alone." He also advises people to "conquer anger by love." These remarks are interpreted as addressing interpersonal relationships jarred by hatred and animosity. True, we can give numerous examples to show how a dose of good will, tolerance or forgiveness can help bring reconciliation to interpersonal conflicts. But we should not overlook another important aspect of the issue, that is, love and compassion is also an effective antidote to hatred, anger, animosity, etc. within ourselves. It is known that these mental negativities can produce toxic endocrinal secretions to damage physical as well as mental health. Among other things, hatred can accumulate into a psychological complex, which in turn gives rise to depression and other neurotic disorders" (http://www.buddhachannel.tv/portail/spip.php?article4093)
"Mainstream psychotherapy", says Professor Chen Yu-His, offers all sorts of cures based on rational egoism, only to ignore the most efficacious method that makes use of the patient's inner resource of love and compassion. The absurdity and irrationality of the supposedly rational therapeutic approaches is illustrated by this analogy: Why do you bother to remove ice and snow with a shovel when sunshine can easily do the job? There is radiant sunshine deep down in the heart of every one of us. And as existential psychology suggests, we have complete freedom to choose to evoke that inner radiance to heal others as well as ourselves. So, next time you are caught up in anger and hatred, just stop to do a little contemplation and introspection before going to a psychotherapist. Are these negativities really necessary? Do I not have the inner strength to conquer them? Please note that the practice of forgiveness can be constructively motivated by self-interest. You forgive your enemy not to fulfill any religious or moral norm, but simply to benefit yourself. For you do not want the harmful emotions to continue working havoc to your mental well-being. With this understanding in mind, the practice of forgiveness and tolerance can yield amazingly positive results (http://www.buddhachannel.tv/portail/spip.php?article4093
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